Licet nylon habet optimum mechanica et mechanica proprietatibus, id est altus combustibilis in terms of eget combustione proprietatibus, et quoque habet Phaenomenon liquefacta guttae durante combustione, quae habet magnum gradum potentiale potential periculis. Verticali combustione proprietatibus pura nylon sunt metiri cum V, 0 gradu Ul-XCIV, LOI valorem maius quam XXIV%. Igitur novus flamma retardant technology de nylon factus calidus topic, quae excitatur communi spectat de multis scientists toto orbe terrarum.
Fig.1
Figure Source: Yoebian Stock Rutrum Website
In annis, cum global environmental tutela, viridi progressionem et non-carbon halogenation vox est magis et magis altum, viridi environmental praesidio flamma retardant esse laudatur et agnita per omnes. Green Environmental Donec flamma retardant cum flamma retardant princeps efficientiam, non-halogenated, non-toxicus, humilis fumum et environmental praesidium est iam a major in progressionem novae flamma retardant industria in Sinis. Figura II est schematic diagram de polymer Combustion processus.
Fig. II Schematic Diagram Polymer Combustion Processus
Fig. III Polypetrochemical Halogen-Free Flamma retardant PA66, P6 Connectors, fasteners
Fig. IV Flamma retardant nylon ad Sanyang Electric vehicles
Ⅰ.Genera Flamma Retardants
Flamma retardant additives sunt flamma retardants, quae potest ne combustion compositionem combustione materiae et inhibere sursum propagationem combustione flamma.
Usque ad current foro situ in Sina, products of additae flamma retardant additives sunt adhuc pelagus products quae constituunt current flamma retardant foro structuram in Sinis. Licet in technology addidit flamma retardant polymer materiae est simplex comparari cum traditional modi, potest basically occursum de requisitis in flamma retardant materiae processus. Igitur numerus nova genera flammae retardants produci et fabricari est.
Tamen, facile est causa vel afficit corporalis et mechanica proprietatibus et dispensando characteres materialem ut totum tum quod variis speciali applications et salus proprietates, et saepe sunt varietate gravi problems ut inaequalis distributionum et interface vim non est valde ad specimen et interface vim gravi ad specimen et interface vim non est ad specimenque.
Retardants reactivum flammam retardants sunt cito consequi relative humilis temperatus, relative differens et bonum firmum reactionem et flammam retardant effectus in superiori Polymer materiae mixturis. Sed et ad toxicity gradum ad reactivum materiae est relative humilis, et effectus ex reactionem interface vis in reactive polymer materiae mixturis est etiam parva, sed productio processus est magis complicated et non facile est.
Secundum ad diversas genera elementa in pelagus flamma retardant substantias, flamma retardants potest esse amplius divisa in bromine elementum seriem, chlorine elementum series, organophosphorus series, Organosilicon series, Magnesium series et Metal Aluminium Series. Secundum ad genus et vexillum et substantiam, reducitur ad activam organicum materia, generalis substantia potest dividitur in generali organicum flamma retardant et Ordinarius inonagature retardant.
Fig.5
Figura Source: Rutrum De Imperatore
In the past two years, the pursuit of more safe and efficient, non-toxic, low black smoke, pollution-free production and efficient clean, dust-free operation of new flame retardant products has gradually begun to develop into a domestic organic and flame retardant environmental chemicals field technology and development research breakthrough one of the most important trends.
Ⅱ.The Application of Flamma retardant in Polyamide
1.Inorganicis flamma retardant
Inorganicis flamma retardant maxime refers to a semi-naturalis et environmental tutela compositum additives, in usum obiecti erit valde lata. In praesenti, mg (o) II, al (o) III et alia hydroxides sunt adhuc nova generis naturalis inonganicis compositis in Sinis.
Tuandens mg (o) II ut typical exempli gratia, quod habet munera amplificationem, flamma retardancy et fumus suppressionem. Pelagus physica et flamma retardatio oxidatio reactionem machinationes sunt roughly ut sequitur: per endothermic cosycophous reactionem fortis thermal oxidatio potest animadverto transiens transiens crucem-vinculum effectus in media transitus a tardus refrigerationem ad ieiunium refrigerationem frigidior a temperatus a tardus frigefaci.
In eodem tempore, debitum ad magna moles humilis saturatum summus caliditas aqua vapor dimisit post eventum crosslinking reactionem, potest etiam consequi ad tempus oxidatio et concentration pars combustion et nocivis et inhibere in altum temperatus et extensio et in tortor et extensio est in altum combustion combustione et extensio et inhibere in altum combustion et extensio in altum products in altum et extensionem et extensio est in altum combustion combustion et extensio et in tortor et extensio in altum et extensio in altum et extensio in altum combustion combustion et extensio et in tortor et extensio in altum et extensio in altum combustion combustion. Simul, in summus temperatus refracty organici metallum oxids decompositis per oxidatio etiam altius flamma-retardationis oxidatio operatio flammae, retardant materiae, quod ipsa tetigerit celeri oxygeni in tempore et crosslinking in caliditas polymer.
Et superficies horum altum temperatus polymer materiae potest esse cursim oxidized ad formare a densissima iacuit non-carbonized film, carbonized film superficiem et cito et significantius mollitia et combustionem effectum per altum et in flammam et combustionem, ita ut tandem ludere in flammam et combustionem, ita ut tandem in flammam et adiacere, ita ut tandem ludere in flammam et adiacundum, ita ut tandem ludere in flammam et adiacere, ita ut tandem in flammam et adiacere, ita ut tandem ludere in flammam et combustionem, ut tandem et adiacere.
Fig.6 inorganicis flamma retardant
Inorganicis genus inorganicis flammae retardant addidit ad Polymer materiae est valde ad praesens, et quia maxime de current organicum polymer flamma retardant materiae sunt primi physica polymeri et organicum materiales a physica diffundere Polymeri et organicum inter se non est polum polum, ut non est polymeri developed et applicari magis late et efficaciter.
De communi genera pluribus novis inorganicis flamma retardant materiae sunt dure phosphoric acidum, boric acidum, sodium phosphate P-ammonium chloride, sodium BORAX et sic est. Jin Xuefen et al. Proposita ut duo products ut nylon et nylon LXVI additae sunt hypophosphate ad augendae flamma retardant. In studium focused in tres partes ferric cadmiae (Fe2o3) et series comprehensive factors influens in melius flammae retardant et decompositionis proprietatibus et flammam-retardant ratio materiae et effectus.
Per analysis de cone calorimeter notitia, in analysis de Pyrolysis pondus damnum notitia et comparativum analysis de topographiae, quod est inventus quod fe2o3 habet relative obvious, quod invenitur quod fe2o3 habet relative obvious, et in flamma et amplificata Pa66 ratio, promovens reactionem et decoratur. Et efficax et perpetuam combustion obturans solidum raro carbonized laminis limitibus celeri release velocitatem apicem de industria combustibilis vel nocivis gas calor moleculis significantly reducit inter nocivis calorem moleculis in combustabulis et nocivis et calor moleculis in oppositam ratio.
Fig.7 nylon flamma retardant
Figure Source: Rutrum de Yinyuan Novum Materials
With Exolit OP 1312 Ml flame retardant GRPA66(glass fiber content of 30%), when the amount of flame retardant is 18%, the flame retardant of UL94V-0, open combustion D4min flame retardant is 50% lower than BPS and RP, the material density and CTI value are the same as the non-flame retardant substrate, melt index is 30% lower than the substrate, but much Altior quam cum BPS et RP flamma retardant.the tensile et impulsum vires reducitur per circiter XX% comparari cum non-flamma retardant grpa66 et flamma retardant materia et diaphanitate sunt meliora. Comparari cum BPS et RP flamma retardant grpa66, ut comprehensive consideratione processui, flamma retardant, fumus, mechanica et electrica proprietatibus, flamma m1 est obvious et exolit M1.
Cum autem gradatim incremento proportionem halogen-liberum flamma retardant additives, quod flamma retardant robore Ul94 gradu de confirmet materiae ut nylon LXVI erit significantly auctus et RELEM Cum autem summa ratio halogen-liberum flamma retardant est solum circiter XX% in mediocris, in halogen-liberum flamma retardant reachant material ratio, in flamma in mechanica proprietatibus est de 7. et in mediocris in mechanica proprietatibus est de 7. et a mediocris in mechanica proprietatibus est de 7. Average / M² in Average of Ul94 / MAG
Levchik et al. Eius opus revelatum est Rubrum phosphoro et varietate alia flamma retardant additives in nylon VI non mutuo promovet flammae retardant effectus et flamma retardant possessiones.
Lvchicksv addidit III partes rubrum phosphoro et I pars mg (o) II et alia flamma retardant additives in nylon, respectively. In summa contentus de duabus ingredientia pro XX% ~ L% de totalis volumen resinae materiales. Non potest ut comprehensive technica Indicatores de productio et qualis est products potest esse melius, et gradus ad flammae retardant proprietatem de materia potest obviam in requisitis et minus quam polymer generatur a 400. et requiruntur ad CTI Polymer Generated a 400 Current potestatem.
II. Organic Flame retardant
2.1 phosphorous flamma retardants
In PHOSPHATE Ester Flamma retardant materiae, quod plerumque dividitur in elementis materia continens halogen-liberum phosphate Ester elementa et composita materiae continens halogen-liberum phosphate components secundum utrum sit solum vel continet parva moles inonagentis et non erit soli, aut continet parva tantum inorganicis halogen, aut continet parva tantum inorganicis halogen, aut continet parva moles inonagentis et non erit solum vel continet parva inorganicis halogen et non erit soli componit.
Fig.8 phosphorous flamma retardants
Figura Source: Tianyi Chemical Website
Non-halogen phosphate ester products do not need to contain a small amount of other halogen elements alone,and do not exist in other volatile organic metal halogen compounds flammable in the combustion environment with any pollution and risk factors.It has become a new technology direction in the rapid development of science and technology in the field of fireproof coatings at home and abroad.
Triphenyl Polyphosphate, Isotriazole toluene sulfonate phosphate, trially phosphate et aliis non-halogen-genus polyphosphate derivationes habere plus quam a dozen eorum principalis rudis materiae. Tamen, quia non habet multa components, halogen-liberum polyphosphate products etiam habent multos qualis defectus, ut alta solvendo lacus, humilis calor et humilis temperatus perficientur et pauperem compatibility perficientur. Ideo eius extensive productio et applicationem in non-halogenated polymer PHOSPHATE Ester products sunt graviter limited.
Triisopropyl phosphate, which was successfully developed by a large Swiss federal company in 1968, has the main characteristics of ultra-low toxicity, low viscosity, odorless, in line with the requirements of light resistance, green environmental protection, ultraviolet resistance, low temperature resistance and stress cracking resistance. Praeparatio et productionem processus of triisopropylbenzene phosphate est simplex, rudis materia channels et fontes sunt lata, quod late in organicum polymer, inonagentis Polymer, naturalis et alia agros in materia products flammam.
Yang Minfen et al. Ostendit quod ultimum oxygeni contentus index augeri cum incremento ratio flammae retardants. Cum autem addition moles bis (II-carboxyethyl) Monohexamethylamine phosphate erat VI% (missa fraction), in Loi valorem potuit pervenire 27,8% ul-XCIV gradu. Probat ostendit quod cum etiam ratio BIS (II-carboxyethyl) Monohexamethylamine erat altior quam II% (missa retardant nylon LXVI est significantly melius ut transire V-0 gradu Ul-XCIV.
Wang Zhangyu et al. Addidit se ad LXVI polymerization nylon monomer et poterat primo synthesize et screen ex excessus melamine polyphosphate monomer (MPP) pro polymerization. In test results omnes ostendit quod cum totalis moles MPP in Monomer pervenit XXV% (missa fraction) vel supra, in summa valorem et pervenit 120mpa Ultimate Polyamide potest esse 6.7kj / M².
Phosphorus type flame retardants have the unique advantages of non-toxic, low halogen, low smoke, environmental protection and no heavy metal pollution substances, and they are the most indispensable among many organic polymer flame retardants, which will gradually become a new direction of human research.
2.2 NITROGENIUM genus flamma retardant
In praesens, NITROGENIUM flamma retardants potest late usus et applicantur ad ipsum applications in Sinis. In pelagus genera NITROGENIUM flamma retardants, melamine resinam et correspondentes derivationes sunt principales. Unum ex praeclarum characteres est quod eorum flamma retardancy, corrumpuntur et combustione efficientiam coefficiens est princeps, omnino innocens, non-toxicus et cheap.
Fig.9
Figura Source: Koon Flame retardant materiae rutrum
Pelagus oxidatio mechanism of NITROGENIUM-genus flamma retardants involves duo ad tria pelagus Gas phase machinationes, Valence Oxynithours componit plerumque decepi et oxidize paulatim in combustione, ut non-flammabiles in flammam et reflecti ad simulacrum non-flammabiles, et reduci aquam et aquam, quae nitumrogen ad reducere aquam Oxygeni concentration dum absorbuit calor ad refrigeret descendit. Nitrogenous flamma retardants sunt novum genus flammae retardants cum humilis toxicity, relative pauperum volatilis et summus stabilitate.
Pelagus varietates NITROGENIUM flamma retardants sunt triazine cycloketone componit, melamine derivationes, etc. Gijsma et al. Etiam studied quod McA addidit ad Polyamide habet significant impulsum in perficientur polyamide. Et investigationis fama ostendit quod: rationabile praeter McA in nylon non solum efficaciter solvere problema de stillant ignis per nylon in normalis combustion opus, sed etiam ludere a bono in proprio flamma, quam 31.0%.
Wang Qi et al. Addidit novum genus altum dispersionem MCA Polymer (Fs-MCA) paratus per proprietary technology ad flamma-retardant nylon plastic pa66 ad pa66 flammam-retardant inter particulas, CRINIBUS et stabulas particula, uniformis, utendo aggregatio et stabulas, in compages, utendo aggregationem et stabulas et stabulas in structure, utendo aggregationem et stabulas, et in aggregatione stabulas structuram, utendo aggregatio. In excelsum efficientiam et uniformis denique dispersionem flammae retardant moleculis in polymer Pa66 resinae potest esse effectum, quod efficacius amplio flammae retardant et mechanica proprietatibus McA Flame retardant et mechanica ratio.
Dianluo prospere paratus mutatio MCA humilis superficiem industria et influunt industria per superficiem curatio humilis Molecular Pondus Nylon.
Fig.10 MCA Flame, retardant Nylon Masterbatch
Figura Source: Polypetrochemical
Comparari traditional MCA, mutatio McA habet speciale superficiem proprietatibus et facilius ad influunt et dispergis in Pa66 resina. Mutatio MCA Flame retardant addidit in Pa66 matrix habet altiorem fluiditatem, melius flamma retardancy et amplificata mechanica proprietatibus. Igitur melius MCA vincere incommoda traditional MCA. Non praebet promissum technology, utendo hoc mutatio MCA potest parari optimum comprehendo perficientur de flamma retardant aucta Pa66.
2.3 phosphoro-nitrogen expansion flamma retardant
Principium expansivae flammae retardant maxime refert ad usum harum trium omnino diversis corporalis et eget proprietates materialis flammae retardationis elementa in stipitibus potest etiam additum a combustion materiam Gas continued et combustion et ad consequi, ut ad consequi, et combustion et ad consequi a combustion materialibus et ad consequi, et in combustion est ad consequi, et ad consequi a combustion materiam et ad consequi, et in combustion Pelagus components sunt etiam perficitur per ipsum fontem, acidum fons et aer fonte.
Fig.11 Expansive Flamma retardant
Figura Source: Hongtaiji Rutrum
Carbon fontes, ut nomen importat, urere maxime de carbonis continebat in materia scriptor mulgetam structuram. Carbon-quibus materiae plerumque pertinent ad combustibilem materiae. Tamen, debitum ad chemical proprietatibus ipsum ipsum, post corrumpuntur in altus-temperatus Gas combustion et aliis processibus, quod plerumque paulatim ad formare aliud carbonis accumsan, quod agit in carboni materiae post corrumpitur formatae in reliquis in combustione et aliis processibus.
Ut nomen suggerit, acidum fons refers ad maxime quotidie processionaliter polyphosphate. Quidam summus caliditas Gas flamma retardants quibus Polyphosphate componit potest praecipitant et formatae Gas polyphosphate Gas in processus of altus-temperatus combustion reactionem ad replete materia ad effective freti in combustion in flammam in materia, ut permanere ad adolebitque adolebitque in humilis temperatus ad urere ad adolebitque adolebitque in humilis temperatus in modum.
As the name implies, air source refers to the gas groups contained in the molecular structure skeleton of materials during low-temperature combustion, which can block an inert gas released in the process of low-temperature combustion, so as to further dilute the harmful air remaining on the surface of materials burned at high temperature, so as to further achieve the double flame retardant protection effect of flame retardant and heat insulation.
Zhang Xujie et al. Developed quaedam environmental tutela, viridi et efficiens phosphoro et nitrogen series flamma retardant additives potest adhiberi nuper flamma retardant flammae retardant nylon. In combustione temperatus de nuper flamma retardant nylon products produci per praeparatio potest pervenire ad EU Ul94v-0 gradu, quod solvit in communi quaestionem de liquefactis guttae in nuper combustione processus of nylon products. Tamen, ex esse magnam multitudinem aromaticum hydrocarbonum in hoc altus efficiens flamma retardant structural materia, quod erit causa maxime altus explosivae rupture in nuper flamma retardant textile systema Nyloni ex causa ad specialem rationem magnam Benzene Ring. Igitur sunt adhuc multa problemata in forma consilio flammae retardant NITROGENIUM et phosphoro componit in patriam, quod necessitates esse amplius melius.
Initial calefacit et corrumpuntur reactionem temperatus range of phosphoro - NITROGENIUM expansion flamma retardant est fere circiter CC ℃. Pondus damnum V% ad circiter CCXL ℃ et rate range of Pyrolysis reactionem ad circiter CCCLXXVIII ℃ fuit etiam maxima in hoc mundo tempore. Quod ultima effectus est quod cum decomposition temperatus range fuit circa DC ℃, scelerisque decompositionis flammae retardants posset perfici simul et massa retention rate potuit pervenire de 36.5%.
Li Xia et al. Primum synthesized et metiri duos carboxyl coetibus in structuram a NITROGENIUM, phosphoro genus flamma retardant. Postquam populus usus est, quod esset adhuc agere cum Cyclophosphine et dissolutum in flamma retardant sal, et tandem synthesized a nylon LXVI flamma retardant compositis.
Et experimentalem test etiam ostendit quod eius Loi erat plus quam 27.14%, et test eventus adeptus per vertical Combustion test fuit Ul94V-0. Et in verticali combustione processum et vide supra superficiem in materia paulatim formatae a mollis densa et uniformis crassitudine carbonized iacuit, ut solvere vertical combustione processus de madida phaenomenon. Et Carbon Layer ex phosphoro - NITROGENIUM expansion flamma retardant est ostensum est in figura infra.
Ⅲ.Prospectus et conclusio
In specie halogen-liberum flamma retardant facit flamma-retardant polyamide products in normalis combustione operatio non producendum aliqua substantias, quod producendum nocivis reactiones ad humanum corpus et elit iterum. Series halogen-liberum flammam retardant products de polyamide paulatim facti vulgaris uber in foro. Halogen-Free Flamma Retardants Rubrum Phosphoro et Cyanuric Acidum sunt duo genera polyamide products cum relative bonum foro application et progressionem expectationes.
Fig.13 flamma-retardant polyamide materiales
Figura Source: Defu Plastic Net
Red phosphorus has high flame retardant and decomposition efficiency, so it can effectively improve the inherent heat resistance and arc resistance of flame retardant and product material itself, but at present, in view of its storage and transportation mode of storage and transportation and some technical limitations in the color of the product has been greatly restricted and affected the current color problems of its products in nylon common application, It is generally used only in nylon 6.
Fig.14
Alius novus halogen-liberum flamma retardant maxime in polyamide est melamine árate. Pelagus activae components ut melamine sal derivationes et phosphate derivationes. Licet boni flamma retardant possessiones, habent pauperes scelerisque stabilitatem. Propter suum facile oxidatio et humorem effusio, electrica corrosio perficientur horum products est relative pauperum sub actione altum temperatus et humidum environment diu.
Fig.15 melamine cyanuric acidum
Figure Source: Xiucheng eget rutrum
Although several other common halogen-free inorganic flame retardant materials used in this paper have their own particularity and advantages, they all have a series of problems, such as very low self-flame retardant efficiency, poor binding force with the material interface, large addition amount and great performance reduction. Ideo et flamma retardant effectus unius inorganicis seu organicum flamma retardant additives est saepe non specimen.
Ideo magis scholarium tendunt ad alias modum II vel etiam plus quam II species flammae retardants ad compositis flamma retardants cum diversis proprietatibus, et uti suae sua commoda ad producendum a varietate synergisticae flamma retardant perficientur. In praesens, in efficientiam NITROGENIUM-phosphoro compositis flamma retardant est altior, in foro productio reservare est magis, et uber est viridi et pollutio libero.
Ideo NITROGENIUM et phosphoro flamma retardants sunt etiam unus ex maxime momenti futurum progressionem directiones in agro flammae retardatio Polymer materiae in Sinis. In praesens, a numerus of novus flamma retardants emersit in foro.
Nos suppleret omnis generis halogen-liberum, phosphorous et bromine flamma retardants, quae late usus est per customers in Europam et Civitatum Foederatarum.
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Post tempus: Feb, 27-2023